The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the snow fox or polar fox, is well-known for its adaptability to the harsh conditions of the Arctic. Within this species, there are two colour morphs: The blue morph is a rarer and more coastal-dwelling variant.

Blue morph Arctic foxes are less common than their white counterparts. They make up about 1–3% of the overall Arctic fox population. While white morphs dominate inland tundra regions, blue morphs are more commonly found along coastal areas and islands, such as those in Iceland, Greenland, Aleutian Islands (Alaska) and some parts of Arctic Canada and Russia.

In winter, their coat is a dark charcoal-grey to bluish brown. In summer, their fur becomes a darker brown or slate grey, helping with camouflage on rocky shores.

Climate change significantly affects the Arctic fox population, and blue morphs are not exempt.

Shrinking Habitat
Warming temperatures are pushing the treeline north, allowing red foxes (a competitive predator) to expand into Arctic fox territory. Coastal erosion and melting permafrost threaten the blue morph's preferred habitats.

Prey Availability
Blue morphs rely heavily on seabirds, fish, and marine scavenging, making them vulnerable to disruptions in coastal ecosystems caused by warming oceans and changing fish migrations.

Hybridization & Competition
Red foxes are bigger and more aggressive, often outcompeting Arctic foxes for dens and food.

In some regions, Arctic foxes are forced to move, resulting in less ideal habitat and declining numbers, especially of blue morphs.