Fulmar

Fulmars are seabirds with unique adaptations that allow them to thrive in harsh marine environments. Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) are found in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, breeding on cliffs and islands in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.

Southern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialoides) are found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. Like other members of the Procellariidae family, Fulmars have distinctive tubular nostrils on top of their beaks. These help them excrete excess salt from seawater. Fulmars are also known for their longevity, with some individuals living over 40 years.

Fulmars are opportunistic feeders, consuming fish, squid, and crustaceans. They also scavenge from ships and even follow fishing vessels for scraps. They have a distinctive gliding flight, using their stiff wings to ride ocean winds effortlessly. They can often be seen soaring close to the water surface.

They typically breed on cliffs, laying a single egg per breeding season. Both parents take turns incubating the egg and feeding the chick. They are colonial breeders, often forming large, noisy colonies that can be pretty dense, with nests close together on narrow ledges. Making for that thrilling and haunting sound you get from bird cliffs on expedition cruises.